Hidrogen-2 (²H)

Data nuklida

Unsur

Hidrogen (H, Z = 1)

Nomor massa (A)

2

Proton (Z)

1

Neutron (N)

1

Massa atom

2.014101777844 ± 0.000000000015 u

Waktu paruh

Stabil

Mode peluruhan

Tidak meluruh

Kelimpahan alami

[0.000 01, 0.000 28]

Tahun penemuan

1932

Sumber data

IAEA Atomic Mass Data Center (NUBASE) and IUPAC CIAAW, via PubChem

Kegunaan isotop hidrogen

• Molecules, atoms, and ions of the stable isotopes of hydrogen possess slightly different physical and chemical properties and they are commonly fractionated during physical, chemical, and biological processes, giving rise to variations in isotopic abundances and in atomic weights (Fig. IUPAC.1.1). Hydrogen has the largest relative mass difference among its isotopes and consequently exhibits the largest variation in isotopic composition of any element that does not have radioactive or radiogenic isotopes. Ranges in the stable isotopic composition of naturally occurring hydrogen-bearing materials are shown in Fig. IUPAC.1.1. These variations enable hydrogen isotopes to be used as tracers in environmental studies. A primary use of stable hydrogen isotopes is in isotope hydrology. Although the evolution of the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation begins with the evaporation of water from the oceans, their local and global relationship arises primarily from equilibrium isotopic fractionation of heavier (2H and 18O) and lighter (1H and 16O) isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen during condensation as a tropospheric vapor mass follows a trajectory to higher latitudes and over continents,. As a consequence, the hydrogen isotopic composition of precipitation, rivers, and tap waters varies with elevation, season, and distance from the ocean-continent boundary. Figure 4.1.2 shows the variation in the atomic weight of hydrogen in water from rivers across the United States. These variations in the hydrogen isotopic composition of environmental water are often combined with stable oxygen isotopic compositions and have been used to identify the origin of water samples and to investigate the interaction between groundwater and surface water (e.g. lakes, streams, and rivers).
• Measurements of relative 2H abundances are used to determine the breeding grounds of many species of migrant songbirds. These species of songbirds only grow their feathers before migration, and they grow them on or close to their breeding grounds. Therefore, the isotopic composition of a bird’s feathers correlates to the isotopic composition of the growing season’s precipitation,,. Measurements of relative 2H abundances of human hair samples collected at archeological sites are used to determine the geographic region in which a subject lived based on the hydrogen isotopic composition of the water they drank. This is possible because hair stores a daily record of the hydrogen isotopic composition of intake water, which correlates to local meteoric water,.
• 3H is used for self-luminous exit signs in aircraft and commercial buildings. It is found in luminous dials, gauges, wristwatches, and luminous paints. 2H, in the form of heavy water, is used in CANDU (CANada Deuterium Uranium) nuclear reactors as a moderator and coolant.
• 2H is used for the isotopic labeling of drugs and nutrients to trace their uptake and metabolism in the human body,. 2H, in the form of heavy water, is used to study human metabolism. For example, 2H is used in combination with 18O (double labeled water) to measure energy expenditure.

Reaksi inti

• Fusi deuterium–tritium

Isotop hidrogen lainnya

¹H, ³H, ⁴H, ⁵H, ⁶H, ⁷H

Pelajari

Kimia inti Simulasi peluruhan ²H Bagan nuklida