Oksigen-16 (¹⁶O)

Data nuklida

Unsur

Oksigen (O, Z = 8)

Nomor massa (A)

16

Proton (Z)

8

Neutron (N)

8

Massa atom

15.99491461926 ± 0.00000000032 u

Waktu paruh

Stabil

Mode peluruhan

Tidak meluruh

Kelimpahan alami

[0.997 38, 0.997 76]

Tahun penemuan

1919

Sumber data

IAEA Atomic Mass Data Center (NUBASE) and IUPAC CIAAW, via PubChem

Kegunaan isotop oksigen

• Molecules, atoms, and ions of the stable isotopes of oxygen possess slightly different physical and chemical properties, and they commonly will be fractionated during physical, chemical, and biological processes, giving rise to variations in isotopic abundances and in atomic weights. There are substantial variations in the isotopic abundances of oxygen in natural terrestrial materials (Fig. IUPAC.8.1). These variations are useful in investigating the origin of substances and studying environmental, hydrological, and geological processes. A primary use of stable oxygen isotopes is in isotope hydrology. Although the evolution of the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation begins with the evaporation of water from the oceans, their local and global relationship arises primarily from equilibrium isotopic fractionation of heavier (2H and 18O) and lighter isotopes (1H and 16O) of hydrogen and oxygen during condensation as a tropospheric vapor mass follows a trajectory to higher latitudes and over continents,. As a consequence, the isotopic composition and atomic weight of oxygen in precipitation, rivers, and tap waters varies with elevation, season, and distance from the ocean-continent boundary. Figure 4.8.2 shows the variation in stable oxygen isotopic composition of water from rivers across the United States. These variations in oxygen isotopic composition of environmental water are often combined with hydrogen isotopic compositions and have been used to identify the origin of water and to investigate the interaction between groundwater and surface water (e.g. lakes, streams, and rivers).
• 16O is used to produce radioactive 13N via the 16O (p, 4He) 13N reaction for imaging in positron emission tomography (PET) and to study blood flow through the heart (myocardial perfusion),. 17O has been used as a tracer to study cerebral oxygen utilization. Variations in stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes are used in energy expenditure studies in animals and humans. The subject is administered a dose of doubly labeled water (water enriched in both 2H and 18O). Measurements of the elimination rates of 2H and 18O in the subject over time through regular sampling of body water (by sampling saliva, urine, or blood) provide information on energy expenditure because the hydrogen isotopic composition of body water is affected primarily by water loss (mainly urination), but the oxygen isotopic composition is affected by both respiration and water loss.

Isotop oksigen lainnya

¹¹O, ¹²O, ¹³O, ¹⁴O, ¹⁵O, ¹⁷O, ¹⁸O, ¹⁹O, ²⁰O, ²¹O, ²²O, ²³O, ²⁴O, ²⁵O, ²⁶O, ²⁷O, ²⁸O

Pelajari

Kimia inti Simulasi peluruhan ¹⁶O Bagan nuklida