Timbal-204 (²⁰⁴Pb)

Data nuklida

Unsur

Timbal (Pb, Z = 82)

Nomor massa (A)

204

Proton (Z)

82

Neutron (N)

122

Massa atom

203.973043506 ± 0.000001231 u

Waktu paruh

Stable >140Py

Mode peluruhan

Peluruhan alfa (α)

Inti anak

Raksa-200 (²⁰⁰Hg)

Kelimpahan alami

[0.0000, 0.0158]

Tahun penemuan

1932

Sumber data

IAEA Atomic Mass Data Center (NUBASE) and IUPAC CIAAW, via PubChem

Kegunaan isotop timbal

• Different geographic regions may have characteristic terrestrial lead isotopic compositions because of variations in the ages and chemical composition of the rocks and minerals in the local environment. Therefore, lead produced at a particular location can have a unique lead isotopic composition and it is possible to trace the history and origins of pollutants by measuring the relative amounts of the four stable isotopes of lead (208Pb, 207Pb, 206Pb, and 204Pb) (Fig. IUPAC.82.2),. Using isotopic abundance data, the source of this toxic metal can be identified as it moves through air and water and eventually to living systems,. Scientists have analyzed lead in air pollution in California and found that it originated from Asia. Airborne particles from China have relatively higher amounts of 208Pb, which distinguishes the lead isotopic signature between airborne particles from Asia and North America. This knowledge could have implications in understanding the mixing of particles in the atmosphere and how pollutants are transported over vast distances,,,. Mapping the distribution of lead pollution by studying 204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb and 208Pb also allows the identification of those human activities that contribute the highest amounts of lead to the environment,,. The measurement of the isotopic composition of lead in blood can help to determine the source of this toxic element in the body. Lead is stored in bones and teeth. If a person moves to a different geographical region, the isotopic composition of the lead in the teeth is maintained, recording their place of origin. Bone can store lead for long periods of time (about 20 years), and some skeletal lead may be older and have a different isotopic composition than other skeletal lead. These differences reflect exposure to lead of different origins. By studying the isotope-amount ratio n(206Pb)/n(204Pb) and n(207Pb)/n(206Pb) in bone and teeth, it is possible to determine someone’s place of origin. For example, isotopes of lead were analyzed in the teeth and bones of a human mummy, known as the “Iceman”, to help determine his place of origin,. 210Pb is a relatively short-lived radioactive isotope of lead that is constantly produced by the decay of 222Rn in the atmosphere. While living, humans naturally incorporate 210Pb from the environment into bones and tissues. The amount of 210Pb in the body reaches equilibrium such that the 210Pb ingested is in equilibrium with the 210Pb that decays. When a person dies, this incorporation of 210Pb ceases and the relative amount of this isotope in the body decreases. Therefore, measurement of the 210Pb activity in a corpse can help determine time of death,. Lead isotope-amount ratios n(206Pb)/n(204Pb), n(207Pb)/n(204Pb), and n(208Pb)/n(204Pb)) along with isotope-amount ratio of silver, n(107Ag)/n(109Ag), and isotope-amount ratio of copper n(65Cu)/n(63Cu) have been used to determine the origin of European coins and to investigate the flow of goods in the world market over time. Metals from Peru and Mexico and those from European mining have distinct isotopic signatures that enable the origin of the metal to be determined by examining the isotopic compositions of silver, copper, and lead in the coins. Abundant silver sources mined in Mexico and Peru in the 16 th century were used to mint coins, but were not a major influence in the European coin market until the 18 th century.

Isotop timbal lainnya

¹⁷⁸Pb, ¹⁷⁹Pb, ¹⁸⁰Pb, ¹⁸¹Pb, ¹⁸²Pb, ¹⁸³Pb, ¹⁸⁴Pb, ¹⁸⁵Pb, ¹⁸⁶Pb, ¹⁸⁷Pb, ¹⁸⁸Pb, ¹⁸⁹Pb, ¹⁹⁰Pb, ¹⁹¹Pb, ¹⁹²Pb, ¹⁹³Pb, ¹⁹⁴Pb, ¹⁹⁵Pb, ¹⁹⁶Pb, ¹⁹⁷Pb, ¹⁹⁸Pb, ¹⁹⁹Pb, ²⁰⁰Pb, ²⁰¹Pb, ²⁰²Pb, ²⁰³Pb, ²⁰⁵Pb, ²⁰⁶Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb, ²⁰⁸Pb, ²⁰⁹Pb, ²¹⁰Pb, ²¹¹Pb, ²¹²Pb, ²¹³Pb, ²¹⁴Pb, ²¹⁵Pb, ²¹⁶Pb, ²¹⁷Pb, ²¹⁸Pb, ²¹⁹Pb, ²²⁰Pb

Pelajari

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