Nuklida · radioaktif
Europium-154 (¹⁵⁴Eu)
Europium-154 (¹⁵⁴Eu) adalah isotop radioaktif europium dengan 63 proton dan 91 neutron (nomor massa 154). Waktu paruhnya 8,592 tahun (± 0,003 tahun), meluruh terutama lewat peluruhan beta minus (β⁻).
Data nuklida
- Nomor massa (A)
- 154
- Proton (Z)
- 63
- Neutron (N)
- 91
- Massa atom
- 153.922985699 ± 0.000001275 u
- Waktu paruh
- 8,592 tahun (± 0,003 tahun)
- Mode peluruhan
- Peluruhan beta minus (β⁻) ( 99,98 %), Penangkapan elektron (ε) ( 0,02 %)
- Inti anak
- Gadolinium-154 (¹⁵⁴Gd), Samarium-154 (¹⁵⁴Sm)
- Tahun penemuan
- 1947
- Sumber data
- IAEA Atomic Mass Data Center (NUBASE) and IUPAC CIAAW, via PubChem
Kegunaan isotop europium
- For more than 40 years, weapons-grade plutonium was manufactured by the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine in the now closed town of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, using single-pass uranium-graphite production reactors. Water from the Yenisei River was used for heat removal from the reactor core. Radioactively contaminated water was discharged into the Yenisei River and was a primary source of contamination of bottom sediments and floodland for hundreds of kilometers down gradient from the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine. In 2002, radioactive contamination of the bottom sediments and floodlands was composed primarily of 137Cs, 152Eu, 154Eu, and 60Co. The decrease in the isotope-amount ratio n(154Eu)/n(152Eu) down the depth profiles (Fig. IUPAC.63.1) enables one to determine the age of bottom sediments and floodlands of the Yenisei River and calculate their average formation rates.
- Europium isotopes have been used in nuclear-control applications because they are good neutron absorbers. 152Eu (with a half-life of 13.5 years), which is produced by 151Eu via the neutron capture reaction 151Eu (n, γ) 152Eu, and 154Eu (with a half-life of 8.59 years) are used as reference sources for calibration in gamma ray spectroscopy (Fig. IUPAC.63.2).
Isotop europium lainnya
¹³⁰Eu, ¹³¹Eu, ¹³²Eu, ¹³³Eu, ¹³⁴Eu, ¹³⁵Eu, ¹³⁶Eu, ¹³⁷Eu, ¹³⁸Eu, ¹³⁹Eu, ¹⁴⁰Eu, ¹⁴¹Eu, ¹⁴²Eu, ¹⁴³Eu, ¹⁴⁴Eu, ¹⁴⁵Eu, ¹⁴⁶Eu, ¹⁴⁷Eu, ¹⁴⁸Eu, ¹⁴⁹Eu, ¹⁵⁰Eu, ¹⁵¹Eu, ¹⁵²Eu, ¹⁵³Eu, ¹⁵⁵Eu, ¹⁵⁶Eu, ¹⁵⁷Eu, ¹⁵⁸Eu, ¹⁵⁹Eu, ¹⁶⁰Eu, ¹⁶¹Eu, ¹⁶²Eu, ¹⁶³Eu, ¹⁶⁴Eu, ¹⁶⁵Eu, ¹⁶⁶Eu, ¹⁶⁷Eu, ¹⁶⁸Eu, ¹⁶⁹Eu, ¹⁷⁰Eu