Nuklida · radioaktif
Kalifornium-252 (²⁵²Cf)
Kalifornium-252 (²⁵²Cf) adalah isotop radioaktif kalifornium dengan 98 proton dan 154 neutron (nomor massa 252). Waktu paruhnya 2,645 tahun (± 0,008 tahun), meluruh terutama lewat peluruhan alfa (α).
Data nuklida
- Nomor massa (A)
- 252
- Proton (Z)
- 98
- Neutron (N)
- 154
- Massa atom
- 252.081626507 ± 0.000002531 u
- Waktu paruh
- 2,645 tahun (± 0,008 tahun)
- Mode peluruhan
- Peluruhan alfa (α) ( 96,9 %), Fisi spontan ( 3,1 %)
- Inti anak
- Kurium-248 (²⁴⁸Cm)
- Tahun penemuan
- 1954
- Sumber data
- IAEA Atomic Mass Data Center (NUBASE) and IUPAC CIAAW, via PubChem
Kegunaan isotop kalifornium
- 252Cf is a very active source of neutrons (2.3×106 neutrons per second per microgram) with a half-life of 2.65 years. The energy spectrum of the neutrons is very similar to that of a fission reactor and small amounts of 252Cf provide an ideal portable source for low neutron flux applications,,. 252Cf is used for PGNAA (prompt gamma neutron activation analysis, a method for detecting many chemical elements in samples simultaneously) in the analysis of coal, cement, minerals, weapon components, and chemical munitions. This method provides a quick and non-destructive elemental analysis of a sample. For example, 252Cf, as the neutron source for PGNAA, is used to detect the presence of antitank mines. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) uses 252Cf as a portable neutron source to bombard a small sample from the area of interest with neutrons and analyze the radioactive emissions from that bombardment to help identify silver or gold ore. 252Cf has been used in neutron moisture gauges to locate water. 252Cf is used in borehole geophysical logging for subsurface PGNAA investigation of waste (Fig. IUPAC.98.1). Formation fluid identification uses 252Cf as a chemical neutron source for elastic/inelastic neutron backscattering and/or neutron activation methods in well-logging to determine water- and oil-bearing layers and other downhole properties of the well bore.
- 252Cf is sometimes used in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) as a source of neutrons that can be delivered close to the region of a tumor,,. Brachytherapy can use 252Cf to treat many types of cancer,,.
Isotop kalifornium lainnya
²³⁷Cf, ²³⁸Cf, ²³⁹Cf, ²⁴⁰Cf, ²⁴¹Cf, ²⁴²Cf, ²⁴³Cf, ²⁴⁴Cf, ²⁴⁵Cf, ²⁴⁶Cf, ²⁴⁷Cf, ²⁴⁸Cf, ²⁴⁹Cf, ²⁵⁰Cf, ²⁵¹Cf, ²⁵³Cf, ²⁵⁴Cf, ²⁵⁵Cf, ²⁵⁶Cf